Geophysics

MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 The minimum Wages Act1948 is a welfare legislation enacted for statutory fixing the minimum remuneration payable to workers employed in industries where the payment was and substantially lower than that of similar industries. The purpose of minimum wages Act is to provide that no employer shall pay to workers in certain categories of employment wages at rates less than the minimum wages prescribed by notifications under the Act. The provisions of minimum wages act are intended to achieve the object of doing Social Justice to workmen employed in the scheduled employments by prescribing minimum rates of wages for them. The object of the Act is to provide for fixation of minimum wages in certain employments to prevent exploitation of ignorant or less organized or less Privileged members of society by Capitalist Class.      Background The minimum Wages Act is an off-shoot of the resolution passed at the minimum Wages Fixing Machin...

9.1 CHALLENGES IN LAND SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION With the continuous development of petroleum exploration, seismic prospecting on land is mainly operated in the more and more complicated mountain, desert, Gobi , loess plateau and swamp areas. The difficulties for seismic exploration include the very complicated near surface and subsurface structures, the difficult data acquisition, too much coherent and random noise, and the seismic data with poor S/N ratio and resolution. However the exploratory development in these areas has a high requirement on the precise of seismic data . The issue is how to deal with such complicated sedimentary basins with rich oil and gas. The basic issue is of penetration of energy through such complicated near surface and receiving the same after reflection. The tools that we have at our disposal are the choice of energy source & receivers and the pattern of their deployment. This is iterated through modeling studies till we are close to w...